Information on the non-controlling interests in shareholders’ equity and profit or loss as well as on the major non-controlling interests is provided in Section 6.14 “Non-controlling interests”. On the balance sheet date there were no significant restrictions on access to or the use of Group assets due to protective rights in favour of non-controlling interests.

The sale or transfer of shares of E+S Rückversicherung AG takes place by way of an endorsement and is permissible only with the approval of the company’s Supervisory Board. The Supervisory Board enjoys the right to grant or deny approval unconditionally, without being obliged to state reasons in the event of denial.

National provisions of company law or requirements of supervisory law may in certain countries limit the ability of the Hannover Re Group to transfer assets between companies belonging to the Group. These limitations result principally from local minimum capital and solvency requirements as well as to a lesser extent from foreign exchange restrictions.

As security for our technical liabilities and as collateral for liabilities arising out of existing derivative transactions Hannover Re has established blocked custody accounts and trust accounts in certain countries, while for liabilities in connection with real estate transactions – to the extent that is customary under such transactions – it has pledged assets in favour of third parties outside the Group. For further information please see our explanatory remarks in Section 8.7 “Contingent liabilities and commitments”.

List of shareholdings

The following list of shareholdings is provided in full in the present Group annual financial report in accordance with § 313 Para. 2 German Commercial Code (HGB) as amended by the Act on the Modernisation of Accounting Law (BilMoG). The stipulations of IFRS 12.10 and IFRS 12.21 have also been observed.

The figures for the capital and reserves as well as the result for the last financial year are taken from the local financial statements drawn up by the companies.

With regard to the major acquisitions and disposals in the year under review please see our remarks in the following paragraphs of this section.

Consolidation of structured entities

Business relations with structured entities are to be examined in accordance with IFRS 10 with an eye to their implications for consolidation. In the context of their operational activities some companies belonging to the Hannover Re Group enter into business relations with structured entities that are to be analysed and accounted for according to these new provisions.

Structured entities are entities designed in such a way that voting or similar rights are not the dominant factor in deciding who controls the entity, such as when any voting rights relate to administrative tasks only and the relevant activities are directed by means of contractual arrangements. A structured entity frequently has some or all of the following features or attributes:

• Restricted activities;
• A narrow and well-defined business objective;
• Insufficient equity to allow it to finance its activities without subordinated financial support;
• Financing in the form of multiple contractually linked instruments issued to investors that create concentrations of credit or other risks (tranches).

In accordance with the consistent consolidation model, a structured entity – just like a subsidiary – must be consolidated if Hannover Re gains control over the said entity. With regard to the criteria for control please see also Section 4.1 “Consolidation principles”. Within the Hannover Re Group the requirement to consolidate structured entities is examined as part of an analysis that encompasses both transactions in which a structured entity is initiated by us with or without the involvement of third parties and those in which we enter into contractual relations with an already existing structured entity with or without the involvement of third parties. Consolidation decisions are reviewed as necessary and at least once a year. The list of all consolidated structured entities forms part of the list of shareholdings.

Consolidated structured entities

The following structured entities were consolidated as at the balance sheet date:

• Kaith Re Ltd., Hamilton, Bermuda
• LI RE, Hamilton, Bermuda

Kaith Re Ltd. is a so-called segregated accounts company (SAC), the sole object of which is the securitisation of reinsurance risks in the form of investment products. Under this transformation a complete underwriting risk transfer always takes place to the investor in question. In a SAC further segregated accounts exist under a general account; it is in these segregated accounts, which for liability purposes are entirely separate from one another and from the general account, that the aforementioned securitisations take place for the investors.

Pursuant to IFRS 10 we consider the general account and the segregated accounts to be separate units to which the principles of so-called “silo accounting” are applied. In accordance with this concept, Hannover Re is required to consolidate the general account of Kaith Re Ltd. and is contractually responsible for the fees due to external service providers that are to be covered from the general account’s own funds. Each individual segregated account is to be examined separately by the parties concerned (investors) with an eye to a consolidation requirement and is to be consolidated according to the particular contractual arrangements in each case.

LI RE is a segregated account of Kaith Re Ltd., the purpose of which – as with all segregated accounts under Kaith Re Ltd. – is the securitisation of underwriting risks. In contrast to the other segregated accounts, the sole investor and hence the risk carrier of LI RE is Hannover Re.

As at the balance sheet date Hannover Re had not rendered any financial or other support for a consolidated structured entity. Hannover Re does not intend to render financial or other support for one or more of such entities without being contractually required to do so.

Unconsolidated structured entities

The business relations of Hannover Re Group companies with structured entities set out below do not give rise to consolidation because the criteria for control pursuant to IFRS 10 contained in our consolidation principles are not met.

Investing activities and investments in catastrophe bonds (ILS)

Within the scope of its investment activities Hannover Re has participated since 1988 inter alia in numerous structured entities. These are predominantly special purpose entities in the form of funds, which for their part transact certain types of equity and debt capital investments. These investments encompass private equity funds, fixed income funds, collateralised debt obligations, real estate funds, index funds and other public funds. The volume of these transactions is derived from the book values of the respective investments and amounted to EUR 2,893.3 million (EUR 2,489.4  million) as at the balance sheet date. The maximum risk of loss corresponds to the book values.

Hannover Re participates through its subsidiary Leine Investment SICAV-SIF, Luxembourg, in a number of structured entities that issue catastrophe bonds for the securitisation of catastrophe risks by investing in such bonds. Leine Investment General Partner S.à.r.l. is the managing partner of the asset management company Leine Investment SICAV-SIF, the business object of which is to build, hold and manage a portfolio of insurance-linked securities (catastrophe bonds) – including for third-party investors outside the Group. The volume of these transactions is derived from the book values of the respective investments and amounted to EUR 108.3 million (EUR 50.3 million) as at the balance sheet date. The maximum risk of loss corresponds to the book values.

Retrocession and securitisation of reinsurance risks

The securitisation of reinsurance risks is largely structured through the use of structured entities.

In 2012 Hannover Re issued a catastrophe bond for the purpose of transferring to the capital market peak natural catastrophe exposures deriving from European windstorm events. The term of the CAT bond, which has a volume of nominally EUR 100.0 million, runs until 31 March 2016; it was placed with institutional investors from Europe, North America and Asia by Eurus III Ltd. Eurus III Ltd. is a special purpose entity domiciled in Hamilton / Bermuda that was registered in August 2012 as a “special purpose insurer” under the Bermuda Insurance Act 1978. The retrocession contract concluded with the special purpose entity under the transaction affords Hannover Rück SE, E+S Rückversicherung AG and Hannover Re (Bermuda) Ltd. protection against the aforementioned catastrophe risks. The aforementioned volume of the transaction is measured by the ceded exposure limit of the retrocession contract. The structured entity is fully funded by contractually defined investments in the form of cash and equivalent liquid assets. Given that the maximum liability of the structured entity is therefore wholly collateralised, there is no risk of loss for Hannover Re.

By way of its “K” transactions Hannover Re has raised underwriting capacity for catastrophe risks on the capital market. The “K Cession”, which was placed with investors in North America, Europe and Asia, involves a quota share cession on worldwide natural catastrophe business as well as aviation and marine risks. Of the total volume of the “K Cession” amounting to EUR 362.2 million, an amount equivalent to EUR 304.0 million (EUR 169.2 million) was securitised via structured entities as at the balance sheet date. The transaction has an indefinite term and can be cancelled annually by the investors. Segregated accounts of Kaith Re Ltd. are used for transformer purposes for part of this transaction. Hannover Re also uses further segregated accounts of Kaith Re Ltd. and other structured entities outside the Group for various retrocessions of both its traditional and ILS covers, which in each case are passed on to institutional investors in securitised form. The volume of these transactions is measured by the ceded exposure limit of the underlying retrocession agreements and amounted to altogether EUR 1,872.6 million (EUR 847.9 million) as at the balance sheet date. The structured entities are in all cases fully funded by contractually defined investments in the form of cash and equivalent liquid assets. Given that the entire exposure limit of the structured entities is therefore wholly collateralised in each case, there is no risk of loss for Hannover Re.

Collateralised fronting (ILS)

As part of its extended Insurance-Linked Securities (ILS) activities, Hannover Re has concluded so-called collateralised fronting arrangements under which risks assumed from ceding companies are passed on to institutional investors outside the Group using structured entities. The purpose of such transactions is to directly transfer clients’ business. The volume of the transactions is derived from the ceded exposure limit of the underlying retrocession agreements and amounted to EUR 4,701.0 million (EUR 3,135.3 million) as at the balance sheet date. Part of the ceded exposure limit is funded and collateralised by contractually defined investments in the form of cash and equivalent liquid assets, while a further part remains uncollateralised or is collateralised by less liquid assets. The maximum risk of loss from these transactions is derived from the uncollateralised exposure limit and the credit risk of the collateral and amounted to EUR 2,779.9 million (EUR 1,942.4 million) as at the balance sheet date. This does not, however, correspond to the economic risk of loss, which is established using recognised actuarial methods. The expected loss on a modelled basis in a worst-case scenario of 10,000 years amounts to at most EUR 50.0 million (EUR 50.0 million).

The book values of the assets and liabilities from the specified transactions with unconsolidated structured entities were as follows as at the balance sheet date.

The income and expenses from business relations with unconsolidated structured entities are shown in investment income insofar as they result from general investment activities or investments in catastrophe bonds and are recognised in the technical account insofar as they are attributable to retrocessions and securitisations.

As at the balance sheet date Hannover Re had not rendered any financial or other support for an unconsolidated structured entity. Hannover Re does not intend to render financial or other support for one or more of such entities without being contractually required to do so.

With regard to commitments and obligations that we do not consider to be support, particularly outstanding capital commitments from special investments, please see our remarks in Section 8.7 “Contingent liabilities and commitments”.

Life and health reinsurance assumed

Some transactions in the life and health reinsurance segment are effected with the involvement of ceding special purpose entities as contracting parties that are established by parties outside the Group and from which member companies of the Hannover Re Group assume certain underwriting and / or financial risks. Given that the risks from such transfer transactions are entirely recognised in the technical / non-technical account of the Hannover Re Group, it is immaterial whether the active reinsurance business is assumed from structured or other entities. Although Hannover Re is exposed to variable returns from the business relations with such entities, these are independent of the purpose and design of the respective structured entity. Rather, these business relations correspond to regular cedant reinsurer relations and are therefore not the subject of this disclosure. Some of the transactions include features that are to be classified as financial guarantees. For the corresponding disclosures please see our remarks in Section 8.1 “Derivative financial instruments and financial guarantees”.